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Understanding Scale Brief Overview Basic Concepts Material Throughput Income Ecosystem Functions/Services Natural Capital and Income Thermodynamics Scale Levels Global Regional Local Scale Categories Sustainable Or Unsustainable Sustainable Scale Unsustainable Scale Scale Policy Implications Measuring Scale The IPAT Equation Limits to Growth Ecological Footprint Critical Natural Capital Material Flow Analysis Millenium Ecosystem Assessment Panarchy Ecological Economics Perspectives Threshold Throughput Relative to Yield Temporal Aspects Special Case of Zero Yield Limits to Measuring Scale Moral/Spiritual Perspectives A Scale Synthesis

Importance of Scale Global Scope Severe Consequences Getting Worse Pervasive Considerable Uncertainty Time Is Short Counterintuitive Solutions

Response to the Skeptics

Areas of Concern Atmospheric Ozone Biodiversity Climate Change Coral Reefs Fisheries Energy Forestry Human Populations Mangroves Nitrogen Cycles Phosphates Soil Fertility Toxic Substances Water

Causes of Scale Problems Excess Throughput Economic Growth Obsolete Public Policies Defunct Economic Theories Dominant Myths Vested Interests

Attractive Solutions Visions of a Sustainable Future Living Off Natural Income Culturally and Operationally Diverse Socially Just Economically Efficient Increased Leisure Opportunities for Creative Challenges Public Policy Solutions Regulations Bans Quotas Emission Trading Monetary Reforms Relevant Indicators Wealth Distribution Setting Prices Intergenerational Issues Web of Life Issues International Trade Macroallocation Decisions Pigouvain Subsidies Redefining Efficiency Democracy Business Solutions Eco-efficiency Sustainable Business Practices Eco-design Increased Resource Productivity Transition to Renewables Zero Waste Extended Producer Responsibility Green Procurement Lifestyle Solutions Frugality What Makes People Happy Green Consumerism Green Certification Public Participation

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